亚洲玉米螟为害后玉米冠层光谱变化和产量损失研究

Change in canopy reflectance and yield loss of corns damaged by Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis)

2006年在河北农林科学院植保所农场夏播高感亚洲玉米螟的玉米品种郑单958上，于大喇叭口期人工接种2龄玉米螟幼虫以造成不同梯度为害，利用便携式遥感光谱仪（ASD FieldSpec UV／VNIR）在玉米不同生育期收集冠层光谱信息，调查食叶级别，并在收获时统计蛀孔率和产量。结果表明：（1）各生育期食叶级别和对应生育期内的冠层光谱反射率值呈显著负相关，且各个级别之间方差分析差异显著；（2）各波段冠层光谱反射率值和每株虫孔数量的相关性分析得到相关性曲线，750-900nm相关系数较高，可作为监测的敏感波段；（3）乳熟期光谱数据、平均每株虫孔数量和产量及产量损失率之间均可建立极显著回归方程。用光谱仪所测数据估测产量损失率的精确度比用传统查虫数据估测产量损失率的精确度高，且省时省工。

The canopy spectrum reflectance of maize plants was detected by using the spectrometer of ASD FieldSpec UV/VNIR on the variety Zhengdan 958 after artificially infested with the 2 nd instar larvae of the Asian corn borer （ABC）, Ostrinia furnacalis at the middle whorl stage. The maize variety of Zhengdan 958 is highly susceptible to the ABC and was grown on the farm of the Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The leaf feeding rating and yield loss were also evaluated. The results showed that： （1） there was a significantly negative correlation between the leaf feeding rating and the canopy spectrum at different growth stages. Moreover, the differences among the grades at the same growth stage were also significant. （2） The correlation coefficients between the whole band＇s canopy spectrum reflectance and the average tunnels per plant were significant, and the range from 750 nm to 900 nm could be selected as the sensitive band. （3） The maximum of first derivative value, the spectrum reflectance of near-infrared region and the average tunnels per plant could establish a regression equation with the yield and yield loss, respectively. Using the spectrum device data to assess the yield loss is superior to the traditional data of the tunnel number without sacrificing time and labor.