过程与格局的关系及其在区域景观生态规划中的应用

Relationship between Process and Pattern and Its Application to Regional Landscape Ecological Planning

景观生态学基本原理被广泛应用于景观设计和区域生态规划中,生态过程与生态格局之间的关系是区域生态规划面对的重要问题。在回顾景观生态学生态过程与生态格局关系认识过程的基础上,提出二者之间"过程为体,格局为用"的哲学关系。"体"即根本和内在的东西,"用"为"体"的外在表现。面对具体的规划区域时,分析问题的切入点和解决问题的着眼点都是"格局",但是规划的根本出发点和目的都是"过程"。围绕二者关系主线,建立了一个基于生态过程的区域景观生态格局规划方法框架,主要包括3个阶段的研究工作:分析区域历史景观格局演变过程,确定面向生态过程需求的生态格局以及制定提升生态系统功能的对策措施。

The basic principles of landscape ecology have been widely applied to landscape architecture design and ecological planning of regional landscape. The relationship between ecological process and pattern is the key issue in the applications to the planning. By retrospecting the debated history of landscape ecology, it is pointed out that the philosophical relationship between process and pattern is that ＂process is the intrinsic factor while pattern as extrinsic one＂. Landscape planning always starts from analysis of the realistic patterns, and the planning patterns are finally drawn on the maps, but the aim to search suitable patterns is to establish healthy ecological processes. By taking the relationship principle as a major idea, a planning framework for regional ecological pattern based on ecological processes is set up, and it mainly includes three steps： to review the change of landscape patterns in the past regional development stratagems; to abstract the pattern of the landscape that are suitable to the processes in larger scale and ensure the suitability of the indexes of the pattern for the essential processes; to plan the projects to naturalize the ecosystems for improving their service functions. The systematical framework of practical approaches to ecological planning of regional landscapes is outlined.