采用参与观察法对某石油化工厂安全文化的研究

Study on Safety Culture in a Petrochemical Plant Based on Participant Observation

安全文化是高风险组织安全控制理论研究的热点问题,特指高风险组织成员共享的价值观与行为规范系统,尤其强调安全的重要性。为探讨该类组织成员的行为规范,笔者采用参与观察方法对某石油化工厂进行研究。持续观察103天,记录现场发生的行为及其背景,然后把观察记录制成行为卡片,通过3名专家对现场观察行为进行分类发现,组织成员主要遵循包括:安全承诺、对规则的看法、对人性的看法、关系取向和权力影响等5类行为规范。其中:安全承诺,尤其是管理对安全的承诺是高风险组织安全文化的关键因素;中国的传统文化,如情境取向、关系取向对员工的不安全行为具有重要影响。

Safety culture, a heated field on safety control of high-risk-organizations （HROs）, is defined as the values and behavior norms shared by the members of HROs, which stresses the priority of safety. In order to explore those behavior norms shared by the members of HROs, a participant observation study was conducted in a petrochemical plant for 103 days, by collecting and recording their behavior and background on the spot, and then making these records into behavior cards, it was found by three experts that the behavior norms can be classified into five types： safety commitment, attitudes toward rules, attitudes toward human nature, guanxi approaches and power influences. Among them, safety commitment, especially the one from the management level, is the key factor to safety culture; Chinese traditional culture, such as context orientation and guanxi approaches, has great influences on employees＇ safety behavior.