略论英美宪法对公民人身权利的保护及对我国的启示

On Personal Rights Protection under the Constitutions of the United States and the United Kingdom and its Enlightenment to China

英美宪法比较重视对公民人身权利的保障,如对公民人身权利规定得比较全面详细,对逮捕、拘禁、拘留、搜查等措施规定了具体而严格的条件,并特别要求说明采取这些措施的理由;对公民人身权利的限制或剥夺必须遵循正当法律程序;确立了人身保护令状制度;重申了刑法或刑事诉讼法的一些基本原则等。这些"他山之石",对解决我国公民人身权利的保障问题具有一定的启示作用。

The constitutions of the United States and the United Kingdom attach great importance to personal rights protection. For example, they have provided comprehensive and detailed provisions on citizens＇ personal rights and due process which must be followed in limiting or depriving a citizen＇s personal fights, imposing detailed and strict conditions on the enforcement of compulsory measures such as arrest, confinement, detention and search, and especially requesting the authorities to take such measures to specify their grounds for doing so, establishing the system of writ of habeas corpus, and reaffirming certain fundamental principles of criminal law and criminal procedure law. These provisions in the constitutions of the United States and the United Kingdom may provide some enlightenment in improving the personal rights protection in China.