论艾森豪威尔第一届政府对外援助政策的调整

The Adjustment of Foreign Aid Policy during the First Term of the Eisenhower Presidency

艾森豪威尔政府上台后,秉承了共和党的传统经济政策,即紧缩政府财政开支,限制政府开支规模;在对外经济政策上,则是力主自由贸易政策,削减对外经济援助规模,实行所谓的"贸易而非援助"政策。在艾森豪威尔第一届政府时期,不仅对杜鲁门政府时期对外援助机构做了重大调整,而且大幅度削减对外经济援助的规模。艾森豪威尔政府对外经济政策的调整,除了受共和党传统政策的影响外,另一重要原因是意识形态因素的困扰,即美国经济援助是否应该用于帮助受援国发展国有经济。

After having assumed the reins of government, Eiscnhower administration inherited the Repubhcan traditional economic pohcies, which were to retrench financial expenses of government, and restrict the scales of government expenditure. At the aspect of foreign economic pohcy, the government adopted the free trade policy, reduced the scales of foreign economic aid, and implemented the socalled ＂Trade not Aid＂ pohcy. During the first Eiscnhower administration, the government not only regulated foreign aid institutions of Truman government, but also reduced the scales of foreign economic aid greatly. In addition to the Republican traditional policy, reforms of foreign economic policy during Eiscnhower administration were also influenced by the factor of ideology, which was the question whether American economic aid should be used to help benefit countries to develop state - owned economy.