从工业革命带来的社会变化中审视英国1832年议会改革的原因

A SUPERFICIAL ANALYSIS ON THE BACKGROUND AND REASON OF THE 1832 PARLIAMENTARY REFORM IN BRITAIN

光荣革命后的很长时期里,土地贵族和金融寡头通过控制议会而掌握国家政权;到十九世纪初,随着工业化的推进,资产阶级财富增多,中等阶级和工人阶级力量壮大,参政意识觉醒,他们要求改革贵族寡头把持国家政权的旧制,分享权力。1832年议会改革就是在这样的背景之下产生的,工业革命所带来的经济和社会的变化对旧制度的反叛是改革的根本原因。面对澎湃兴起的改革浪潮,统治集团的审时夺势和适时退让是改革法案最终生效的关键。

In a long period after the Glory Revolution, the land aristocrat and the financial magnate grasp the state power through the control of parliament; To the beginning of the 19th century, the wealth of bourgeoisie increased with the advance of industrialization, the medium class and the working class werestrengthen, the participation consciousness, who dominated the state power, sharing authority. The 1832 Parliamentary Reform happened under such background, the Industrial Revolution brought the economical and society＂ s change rebelling against ancient regime was the basic reason of this reform. Facing the reform tide, the ruling clique examined the potential situation and made concessions at the right moment. It＇ s the key that the bill finally come into effect.