唐君毅现代新儒学“文化”概念的反思与批评——兼谈宽容哲学的“文化”理解

A Reflection and Criticism on the Culture in Tang Jun-yi's New-Confucianism——Also Talking about the Cultural Comprehension of the Tolerance Philosophy

唐君毅认为文化是人心求真善美等精神的创造,绝对自由的"道德理性"又是统属心灵文化创造活动的"一"和"本",这是典型的文化定义范型中的主体性定义取向。宽容哲学文化观在立足"生活世界"、"拒斥形而上学"和实践的文化人性论的前提下认为,唐君毅的文化定义中所反映的对人性的形而上学化处理,以"道德理性"遮蔽人性与垄断一切文化活动,既没有跳出传统儒家心性学说的故辙,也没有真实准确地把握住人性及文化之为文化的本相,因而也决定了他的文化哲学必然陷入偏执之局,必须给予足够的批评性反思。

As a new famous Confucian, Tang Jun-Yi thinks that culture is the spiritual creation of human beings in pursuing the truth, the morality and the beauty, and he also holds that “moral reason” of abstract freedom is the fundamental reality belonging to the cultural activities of parapsychology which is a particularly subjective definition orientation of cultural models. The cultural view of tolerance philosophy, on the premise of the ideal of living world, denying metaphysics and practical theory of human nature, is here considered that Tang＇ s theory has profound creative ideal and unilateralism. We can see his metaphysical way in dealing with the problem of human nature, and also see his exclusive way on analyzing comprehensive human nature through the sole moral reason, which indicates Tang Jun-Yi was still walking along the traditional road of Confucianism and didn＇t hold the truth of cultural definition and human nature. This determined that his cultural philosophy was fallen into unilateralism. We have to give it enough critical reflection.