民初国音的回顾与反思

A Retrospection and Introspection of Mandarin Pronunciation in the Early Years of the Republic of China

民国元年教育部设立读音统一会,其宗旨在于统一字音。民初国音(老国音)与清初《音韵阐微》音系有着明显的历史渊源关系。它与清末官话音系十分相近,而与北京音区别显著。老国音实是明清官话音的尾声。五四之后促成北京音取代老国音的重要条件是:言文一致、国语统一,确立北京音为现代汉语标准音是国语统一运动的必然结果。

Mandarin pronunciation in the early years of the Republic of China is similar to that of the late Qing dynesty, but not similar to Beijing pronunciation. Originally it can be traced back to the phonetic system of the book Yinyun Chanwei. It actually echoes part of the mandarin popular in the Ming and the Qing times . The mason why it was replaced by Beijing pronunciation lies in the unification of the national language and of the spoken and written languages. The process of Beijing pronunciation becoming the standard of modem Chinese language is an inevitable outcome of the movement of unifying the national language.