在理学与心学之间徘徊——浅析陈淳心性论思想的一大特征

Hesitating between the Li-school and the Xin-school:A Characteristic of Chen Chun's Theory of Xin and Xing

陈淳是朱子闽学南传的第一人。他从人的本性的角度,辨析了"性"、"命"、"道"、"理"等范畴,回答了人之所以为人的依据。他把心中之"理"解释为心的主宰,将"未发"理解为动机,并从天性中寻找道德自觉的依据,这些均继承了理学的传统观点。他将理既释为心的依据,又解释为心对道理的把握,这一矛盾则表现出他在理学与心学之间的徘徊。陈淳论证了情的合理性和普遍性,将情与天地阴阳之神联系起来,使得情具有天然的合理性,这种观点则接近心学。

Chen Chun was the first scholar to disseminate Zhu Xi＇ s philosophical thoughts developed in northern Fujian in southern Fujian. On the basis of his understanding of human nature, he proposed and defined the concepts of Xing （ approx. nature）, Ming （approx. fate）, Dao （approx. way） and Li （approx. rationality） in answer to the philosophical question of ＂why are human beings human beings？＂ He regarded Li in the mind as the master of the mind, and Weifa （approx. not yet developed） as motivation which seeks for the basis of moral awareness from nature. These conceptualizations resulted from inheriting the traditional ideas of the H-school. Chen argued that Li was both the basis of the mind and the mastery of rationality by the mind. This contradiction, however, reveals his hesitation between the L-school and the Xin-school. He expounded on the reasonability and universality of Qing （ approx, emotion）, associating Qing with the gods of Yin and Yang and giving Qing a natural and reasonable property. This conceptualization, however, resembles the Xin-school.