儿童急性下呼吸道感染病原学研究

Etiological Study of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Children

儿童急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)是儿科的常见疾病,是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。因此,正确诊断、及时治疗ALRI具有很重要的意义。社区获得性肺炎和院内获得性肺炎病原学的差异很大,了解这种差异对合理选用抗生素尤其对初始经验治疗有指导意义。目前研究发现,社区获得性肺炎常见病原包括细菌、病毒、非典型病原体(支原体、衣原体、嗜肺军团菌等)、真菌和原虫。我国幅员辽阔,地区区域性差异性较大,同时地区间、城乡间经济卫生条件的差异均会影响社区获得性肺炎病原的构成比。各病原的治疗原则各不相同,因此早期明确病原学诊断具有显著意义,是合理使用抗生素的保障。

Acute lower respiratory infection（ALPI） in children is the most common disease, which also is the main cause of death in children under five yeans old. So its, correct diagnosis and therapy in tune have an important significance. The etiologies, of community acquired pneumonia （CAP） and hospital acquired pneumoma（HAP） arc very different,of which the enough recogmtion has great guid;ng significance for reasonable selection of antibiatics, especially in incipient experiential therapy. At present, the common etiology of CAP includes bacterium, virus, atypical pathogem （ Mycoplasma, Chtamydia, Legionella Pneumoniae）, fungas and protozoon. Our country, has a vast territoy,there is a great difference in different reglon,so do their economical and healthy condition, which also affect the constituent ratio of CAP. Different etiology has differem therapeutic method.So early defiuite diagnosis in etiology, has great significance, whieh alse is the guarantee for properappllication of antibiotics.