论海盐腔的起源及在南戏发展中的地位

Study on the Origin of Haiyan Tone and Its Role in the Development of South Opera

文章在南戏起源和发展的大背景下,对有关海盐腔的创始人或腔调来源的重要史料作了认真的分析。认为现存史料关于海盐腔来源最重要的两条表述——元代姚桐寿《乐郊私语》和明代李日华《紫桃轩杂缀》涉及的唱曲方式,仅是宋元文人词唱或乐府曲唱方式,是一种文人"雅唱";而南戏的起源是民间的"俚唱"或"俗唱"。海盐腔是两者融合的产物。它是在明代民间戏曲蓬勃发展过程中,文人濡染、参与和推动南戏改革的结果。

With a careful analysis of the important historical materials about the originator and the origin of Haiyan Tone under the background when south opera made its appearance and developed, the paper points out that two statements of the greatest importance on the origin of the Haiyan Tone found in the historical materials available, one in Yao Tongshou＇ s Le Jiao si Yu in Yuan dynasty and the other in Li Rihua＇ s Zi Tao Xuan Za Zhui in Ming Dynasty, reveal that Haiyan Tone is merely the way how literati in Song and Yuan Dynasty sang Ci and Yuanfu, usually with great elegance;however, the south opera developed from folk songs which enjoyed great popularity among the people. Haiyan Tone originated as these two styles of singing came together in Ming dynasty when literati were devoted to the reform of south opera with the folk opera in its robust growth.