区域节水灌溉的节水潜力简易计算方法探讨

Discussion on Simple Calculation Method for Water-saving Potential of Regional Water Saving Irrigation

节水灌溉是用尽可能少的灌溉水投入,取得尽可能多的农作物产出的一种灌溉模式。节水灌溉的节水潜力是在保持农作物产量不降低的前提下,通过采用工程、技术和措施使从水源取用的灌溉水通过输水、配水和灌水供给作物利用的过程中,可能减少的损失水量。在制定区域节水灌溉规划时,需要对发展节水灌溉后产生的节水潜力进行分析计算,以此作为规划决策的依据。对于节水灌溉的节水潜力分析计算方法国内己进行过诸多研究,但要精确计算则很困难。为此,借用《全国灌溉用水定额编制》的研究成果,采用作物灌溉用水"参照定额"、作物灌溉用水定额调节系数和作物用水定额计算式提出了一种区域节水灌溉的节水潜力简易计算方法,并以全国2010年节水灌溉发展规划的节水潜力作为算例,分析计算了规划目标年发展节水灌溉工程的节水潜力。

Water saving irrigation is one kind of irrigation mode, which consumes less irrigation water to obtain more crops yield as far as possible. Its water saving potential is the losing water quantity in the process of distributing the water from source to crop, which can be reduced through the project or technology measurement without the reduction of crop yield. When a regional developmental plan of water saving irrigation is designed, its water saving potential should be calculated and used for the decision base. The calculation method for water-saving potential of water saving irrigation has been studied by many people, while it is still difficult to calculate the potential precisely. Referring to the results of research on national quota of irrigation water, a simple calculation method for water-saving potential of regional water saving irrigation was put forward by using the referring quota of irrigation water, the adjusting factor and calculation formula of the quota of irrigation water. In the end, the water-saving potential of the national development plan of water saving irrigation in 2010 was calculated by using the method.