实验方法在近代科学诞生及发展中的作用

Role of Experimental Method in the Birth and Development of Modern Science

文艺复兴运动后,经过弗.培根的大力宣传和伽利略的身体力行,实验方法逐渐成为人类探索自然界、检验科学假说的一种最基本、最重要和最普遍的方法。正是由于系统的实验方法的诞生及其发展,因而最终导致了近代自然科学从自然哲学的母体中分离出来,走上独立发展的道路。实验方法之所以能够促进近代自然科学的诞生及发展,主要是因为它不仅能够创造出典型的、系统的、纯粹的和数量更多的自然现象作为人们进行科学研究的感性材料,而且可以以实验结果对科学假说进行严格检验。

After the Renaissance, the experimental method had gradually become most elementary, important and universal means for man to explore the Nature and verify scientific hypotheses via Francis Bacon＇ s promotion and Galileo＇ s example. It is owing to the birth and development of the systematic experimental method that modem science is finally separated from its matrix of natural philosophy and embarks on an independent road. The experimental method could lead to the birth and development of modem science because it can not only provide more typical, systemic, pure natural phenomena as perceptual materials for man to do scientific research, but also rigorously verify scientific hypotheses with experimental results.