我国油菜育种目标及品种审定问题的商榷

Discussion on some standards of variety registration and breeding goals of Brassica napus in China

根据国内食用油供求市场和生物柴油开发的需要,我国经济的持续发展和城市化水平的不断提高,国内油菜生产机械化程度的加强,劳动力成本在油菜生产成本比重较大,提出"高效型优质油菜"的育种目标:在双低基础上,进一步改良油菜籽的品质(如:高油酸、低饱和脂肪酸、低亚麻酸),大幅度提高单位面积产油量(含产籽量和含油量),全面改良现有品种的抗逆性(抗倒性、耐渍性、抗病性、除草剂抗性和抗裂荚性等),实现油菜生产的全程机械化操作的战略目标。同时,就有关目前油菜品种审定中的问题,如DU S测试和指纹分析、高产与高效以及转基因污染等方面进行了讨论。

Based on the situations of series changes, such as the output and input of edible oil and biodiesel in China, sustainable development of Chinese economics and urbanization, heightening the mechanization level of rapeseed production and labor cost as the major partials of rapeseed production, the authors raised the concept of＂high efficient and quality type＂ as the rapeseed breeding goals in the near future. Under the request of double low quality, the current composition of fatty acids will be changed in the future, such as high oleic acid, low saturate fatty acids and linolenic acid）. The oil yield （including seed yield and oil content of seed） will be greatly increased. The major tolerances to lodging, disease, herbicides, pod shattering, and so on, will have been completely improved. All improvements will make some easy operations by mechanic during the rapeseed growing season. In the meantime, the authors discussed some standards of variety registration according to the current situation.