从“影响的焦虑”到“批评的焦虑”——《黄鹤楼》《凤凰台》接受史比较研究

From "Anxiety of Influence" to "Anxiety of Criticism"——A Comparative Study of "Yellow Crane Tower" and "Mounting the Phoenix Terrace of Jin Ling"

崔颢的《黄鹤楼》是精美绝伦而又通俗易诵的唐诗经典之一。《黄鹤楼》传诵之初,李白登斯楼尝有"眼前有景道不得,崔颢题诗在上头"之叹。一首《黄鹤楼》竟让绝代诗仙称首,实在是一个奇迹。于是唐代以来的接受者围绕《黄鹤楼》及其影响,展开了热烈争论。一部《黄鹤楼》的接受史也因此可以一分为三:一是由《黄鹤楼》的影响史引发的"影响的焦虑";二是"崔颢体"的提出及美学阐释;三是崔李"优劣论"中表现的"批评的焦虑"。从"影响的焦虑"到"批评的焦虑",是《黄鹤楼》和《凤凰台》接受史最显著的特点,也是文学经典接受史中较普遍的现象。

＂Yellow Crane Tower＂,written by Cui Hao,was a wonderful and exoteric poetry canon of Tang.At the beginning of spreading this poem,Li Bai came to the tower and said： ＂The scenery in front of my eyes can not be depicted by another poem because Cui Hao has inscribed one high up on the tower.＂ It is a real miracle that ＂Yellow Crane Tower＂ made the unparalleled poet Li Bai crown it as the best.Thereupon,the receivers since the Tang dynasty have been disputing heatedly over the poem ＂Yellow Crane Tower＂ and its influence.Accordingly,the reception history of ＂Yellow Crane Tower＂can be divided into three types;One is the ＂anxiety criticism＂which generated by the historical in fluence of ＂Yellow Crane Tower＂;another is the proposal of ＂Cui Hao style＂and is aesthetic interpretation; and finally the ＂anxiety of critisim＂embodied in the disputation of ＂superiority or inferiority ＂as to which one is better between Cui Hao＇s and Li Bai＇s pocm.The process from＂anxicty of influence＂to ＂anxiety of criticism＂is the most prominent peculiarity of ＂Yellow Crane Tower＂and ＂Mounting the Phoenix Tcrrace of Jing LIng＂,which is also a wide spread phenomenon in the reception history of literary canon.