功率分流混合电动车辆模型的演算和实验论证

Derivation and Experimantal Validation of a power-split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Model

由于环保和效率等原因混合电动车辆(HEVS)已经具有很大的吸引力。一个典型的HEV由两个动力系统:一个是普通的动力源如一台汽油机、一台柴油机或一组燃料电池和一个电动系统(包含一台电动机和一台发电机)组成,它可能产生比普通车辆高的燃油经济性。而且,这样的车辆不需要外部充电,而在其内部存在燃料基本设施。HEV的功率分流动力系统构造的独特的HEV动力系统结构串联和并联型式的优点。但是操纵功率分流HEV动力系统要求一个完善的控制系统。设计这样的控制系统要有适当精确的HEV装置的平面模型。对于串联和并联型式的大量研究已经开发了许多动力平面模型。但一个完整的和有效的功率分流HEV动力系统的动力模型尚处于初期阶段。本文提出了在不同传动条件下可实际地和重复所有静态和瞬态现象的功率分流动力系统HEV的动力模型。首次表明了数学推导和这种平面模型和构件的表达,其次是通过计算机仿真分析、验证及性能鉴定和试验车辆在Ford公司性能道路试验实测进行比较。该模拟和实验结果的极好的吻合证实所引导的平面模型的精确性和正确性。因为该平面模型是综合用型谱方法论的系统定向子系统建立的,它很容易改变子系统的功率。开发该平面模型是用来分析和了解动力系的控制动力学,子系统和构件间的干扰以及由于工况和波动的影响的变化的系统瞬变。该平面模型也可用于车辆系统控制器的开发,能量管理战略的估价,结果的解析,编码算法的证明,及其中其他许多目的。

Hybrid electric vehicles （HEVs） have attracted a lot of attention due to environmental and efficiency reasons. Typically, an HEV combines two power trains, a conventional power source such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, or a fuel cell stack, and an electric drive system （involving a motor and a generator） to produce driving power with a potential of higher fuel economy than conventional vehicles. Furthermore, such vehicles do not require external charging and thus work within the existing fueling infrastructures. The power-split power train configuration of an HEV has the individual advantages of the series and parallel types of HEV power train configurations. A sophisticated control system, however, is required to manage the power-split HEV power trains. Designing such a control system requires a reasonably accurate HEV system plant model. Much research has been done for developing dynamic plant models for the series and parallel types, but a complete and validated dynamic model for the power-split HEV power train is still in its infancy. This paper presents a power-split power train HEV dynamic model capable of realistically replicating all the major steady-state and transient phenomena appearing under different driving conditions. A mathematical derivation and modeling representation of this plant model and its components is shown first. Next, the analysis, verification, and validation through computer simulation and comparison with the data actually measured in the test vehicle at the Ford Motor Company＇s test track is performed. The excellent agreements between the model and the experimental results demonstrate the fidelity and validity of the derived plant model. Since this plant model was built by integrating the subsystem models using a systemoriented approach with a hierarchical methodology, it is easy to change subsystem functionalities. The developed plant model is useful for analyzing and understanding the dominant dynamics of the power train system, the interaction between subsystems and components, and system transients due to the change of operational state and the influence of disturbances. This plant model can also be employed for the development of vehicle system controllers, evaluation of energy management strategies, issue resolution, and verification of coded algorithms, among many other purposes.