影响输血质量与安全的因素及其对策

Factors affecting the quality and safety of blood transfusion and their control

输血是现代医学中急诊抢救、手术和临床治疗中的重要手段，但由于输血后引起免疫效应和传染病也给受血者带来痛苦，严重者可危及生命安全。其影响因素有血源问题，也有血液免疫学因素和输血工作质量问题。为提高输血质量，确保输血安全，应提高认识，健全组织，增加投入，培养人才，加强血源、采供血机构管理和输血科建设，完善和执行各项规章制度。

Blood transfusion is an important step in the emergency treatment, surgical operation and clinical therapy of modern medicine. But the negative immunity effect and the incidence of contagious diseases caused by the transfusion sometimes do bring sufferings to the receivers whose life might even be fatally endangered. The problems lie not only in doubtful blood sources, but also in blood immunology and the quality of blood transfusion. To upgrade such quality and insure the transfusion saafety, a better understanding of the transfusion work should be promoted, a good organization built, a new crop of technical personnel trained, an administrative control of blood drawing and supply tightened, different rules written and carried out and preventive measures to control the spread of diseases at the blood sources framed.