火炸药废水处理技术综述

Review of water processing technologies currently used in explosive production

火炸药废水问题已经成为世界性的环境污染问题。火炸药废水的处理技术主要包括物理技术、化学技术、生物技术以及各类技术的综合应用。根据国内外文献报道对各类技术进行了分类整理,分析了各类技术的优缺点及应用现状,推论出多种技术联合应用将是火炸药废水处理技术的发展趋势,并提出具体方案,为火炸药废水处理工艺的选择提供一定参考依据。

The present article is aimed to give a global review of the currently adopted various techniques for explosive wastewater treatment in hoping to find the optimal ones for the actual use. So far as we know, the most popular explosive wastewater processing technologies both at home and abroad may include physical, chemical and biochemical technologies, such as incineration, composition, chemical oxidation, adsorption, biodegradation and so on. However, each of such processes has its own limitations. For example, incineration, known as the most widely used and most effective process, remains expensive due to the high costs associated with the soil excavation, transportation and high energy-consumption. Another method, composition, is also inefficient because it requires large amounts of composite materials mixed with only about 10% of the waste residue. As to the chemical oxidation method, it is often believed to be difficult to separate the explosive products from their waste matters because the process needs to contain some materials unreacted to the explosives. As to the adsorption, the technology is required to retain untreated compounds on the granular activated carbon, incomplete degradation of explosive materials and the need for additional nutrients. Though biodegradation can be taken as a less expensive alternative to other treatments of explosive materials in some cases and enjoys the privilege of bio-degrading all the microorganisms, its application remains restricted due to the bioactivity of the microorganisms, which are influenced by the concentration of explosive materials and other environmental conditions, such as alkalinity and temperature. Besides, this paper has also mentioned some other methods in explosive wastewater treatment through comparison and contrast among all the technologies so far available. Through a general survey and revision, the paper has found that the combination of biological technology and some other methods can be considered as the best technologies from the point of view of feasibility and energy-saving.