玉米ae基因的研究进展

Research Progress of ae Gene in Maize

ae基因是一种胚乳突变基因。玉米ae突变体的表现型为玻璃状、无光泽胚乳。ae基因编码淀粉分枝酶Ⅱb(SBEⅡb)是SBEⅡb的结构基因,ae基因定位在玉米第5条染色体长臂上,在玉米中是单拷贝基因。在ae突变体胚乳中,SBEⅡb的活性缺失,子粒的表观直链淀粉含量增加,同时支链淀粉的α-l,6糖苷键分支点的数量降低。本文对ae基因的结构、功能、特性等作了一个较全面的综述,对其做更深入的研究,以改良淀粉品质。

The amylose-extender（ae） gene is a kind of endosperm mutant gene. The typical phenotype of ae maize mutants is a glassy, tarnished endosperm, ae gene encoding starch-branching enzyme Ⅱb, is the structural gene for SBEⅡb and is mapped on the long arm of chromosome 5. A single ae gene is present in the maize genome, ae mutant endosperm lacks SBEⅡb activity, however, the amylose content in seeds is increased and at the same time, the amounts of branch points of α -1,6 linkages of amylopectin is reduced. Based on the recent research of ae at home and abroad, this paper summarized its structure, function, characteristics and so on, the purpose is to further research on ae and improvement of starch quality as well.