辽西地区垄作保护性耕作方式对玉米产量效应的影响研究

Influences of Different Cultivation Patterns Under Ridge Plowing on Maize Yield Effect in Western Dryable Area of Liaoning Province

比较研究了不同垄作保护性耕作方式对玉米产量及其形成过程的影响。结果表明,垄作保护性耕作方式具有明显的增产效果,留茬免耕、留茬覆盖和灭茬免耕分别比传统耕作增产12.0%、13.6%和7.8%。垄作保护性耕作方式的干物质积累量和株高均表现为作物生长发育的前期低于传统耕作,在拔节期以后逐渐赶上并超过传统耕作,其单株干物重由大到小的顺序为:留茬覆盖>留茬免耕>灭茬免耕,平均株高整齐度由大到小的顺序为:灭茬免耕>传统耕作>留茬免耕>留茬覆盖。不同耕作方式玉米灌浆速率不同,其中保护性耕作方式玉米灌浆速率的优势表现在授粉15d以后。垄作保护性耕作方式的玉米穗行数、行粒数均优于传统耕作,其中又以留茬覆盖方式最佳,分别比传统耕作高出0.85和1.40个百分点。

The influences of different cultivation patterns under ridge plowing on maize yield effect have been conducted comparatively. The resuhs showed that conservation tillage patterns can increase production obviously, of which the treatment of B1, B2 and B3 can be increased to 12%, 13.6% and 7.8% compared to CK. Dry matter accumulation quantity and plant highness of conservation tillage patterns are lower than traditional tillage in primary growth stage, which are exceeded after jointing stage. The maximal dry matter accumulation quantity of conservation tillage patterns are appeared B2〉B1〉B3. The orderliness degree of plant highness of different tillage patterns is appeared B3〉CK〉B1〉B2. The advantage of grain filling speed among conservation tillage patterns is showed after pollination 15d.The spike characters such as number of rows and numbers of grain of conservation tillage patterns have advantage over traditional tillage, of which B2 is higher than that of CK 0.85 and 1.40 per centage.