从生活现象中考察汉代女子的教育问题

Investigating Female Education in the Han Dynasty from the Phenomena in Everyday Life

在汉代,礼教中的女子教育观与现实生活中女子接受教育的情况有所不同。在现实生活中,女子受教育的内容不只是礼教宣传中的贞顺、女功之教育,而且还包括诗书文化、书算、音乐艺术等方面的教育;从受教育的阶层看,也不只局限于士大夫以上家庭的女子,而是包括从奴婢到皇后之普遍阶层的女子;汉代女子普遍接受广泛教育,一是与礼教对汉代社会的影响还处于早期阶段有关,二是与汉代社会普遍欣赏、尊重有才女子的风气有关。汉代女子的受教育情况影响了汉代女子的社会地位与精神风貌。

In the Han Dynasty, the concept of instruction to the females in the ethics was different from that in the real life. In the real life, the contents of female education included not only the modesty and housework, but also poems, reading, calculate, music, art and so on. As for the class of receiving education, not only the females of gentry family but also all females could receive education, including both the queen and the waitress. In other words the females in the Han Dynasty widely received education. There were two reasons for that： one was that the ethics effect on society was only on the primary stage; the other was that in the Han society, well-educated females were appreciated and respected. The female education affected the social status and the spirits of the women in the Han Dynasty.