《庄子》“三言”写奇六法

Six Means to Form Zhuang-zi's Surprising Style

《庄子》"三言"是庄子以言释道的三种最基本方式。"三言"中,充满着奇言、奇语、奇人、奇事、奇理、奇趣,专于奇中体道是《庄子》"三言"最鲜明的特点之一。具体说来,庄子写奇的方法主要有以大写奇、以丑写奇、以险写奇、以理写奇、以事写奇、以神写奇等六种方法。其中,写大则有鲲鹏之雄,极尽夸张;写丑则有畸人之形骸,骇人听闻;写险则有"运斤成风"的寓言,惊心动魄;写理则批仁义而非孔子,将常理"掀翻";写事则首尾对比,出人意表;写神则有藐姑射神人,冰清玉洁。这些方法相互交融,相辅相成,形成了庄子文章"风云开阖,神鬼变幻"的奇诡之风。

It can be said that ＂three kinds of speaking＂ （＂Sanyan＂） are three essential artistic expressions to explain the Taoism in Zhuang-zi. There are full of strange speech, strange language, strange person, strange accident, strange reason, strange interest in ＂three kinds of speaking＂, which is one of the most obvious style that Zhuang-zi experiences Taoism in oddness. Specifically, Zhuang-zi realizes them by the means of bigness, ugliness, danger, reason, event, and deity, and so on. Among of them, there are the majesty of ＂kunpeng＂, uncanny freak, lofty craft, ill-natured Confucian, surprising tale, chaste god-man. They supplement each other and form Zhuang-zi＇s surprising style.