土地立体利用与三维地籍

Three-dimension Land Use and 3D Cadastre

人口和产业在城市的集聚导致城市人地矛盾日趋紧张,为了集约和节约用地,土地利用的立体化趋势越来越明显。这使得人们对土地的理解也从二维变为三维,土地三维权利和建筑物区分所有制度也逐步确立。不同的产权单元在空间上叠加,抽象的产权束在空间上的表现形态为复杂的产权簇或产权层。但传统的地籍是以地表权利为核心的,不能满足实际需求,有必要建立三维地籍。从各国的实践经验看,三维地籍的主要问题是现行法律对三维产权规定的缺位以及一些技术问题。随着我国不动产空间权利设定的进程,三维地籍的建设要从法律和技术两方面入手,逐步过渡到完全的三维形式,以满足国家(政府)层面和普通层面的需求。

The aggregation of population and industries in cities results in the increasing conflict of human-land relationship, and three-dimension land use has become one of the solutions to this problem. Land has been regarded not as two-dimension but as three-dimension and the system of three-dimension land title and condominium ownership are established. Different property units add up at one parcel, and the abstract bundle of rights is reflected as a complex cluster or strata of rights. However, tradi tional cadastres are based on the land surface rights and can not meet the actual needs, and then 3D cadastre is necessary. In the practice of some countries, main problems result from absence of legislation about 3D property rights and some technological problems. With the establishment of 3D property rights in China, 3D cadastre should be set up on the basis of legislation and technology, and then transit to full 3D form to meet the needs of government and people.