质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂研究

Research on Electrocatalysts of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的有效电催化剂仍以铂为主。由于铂价格昂贵,资源匮乏,使得PEMFC成本高,限制了其广泛应用,所以降低贵金属催化剂用量,寻找廉价催化剂,提高电极催化剂性能成为电极催化剂研究的主要目标。采用铂/碳催化剂,将铂催化剂担载在高活性碳材料上,可以将铂的担载量从4 mg/cm^2降低到0.7 mg/cm^2～1.0 mg/cm^2,甚至到0.05 mg/cm^2～0.2 mg/cm^2,有效提高了铂的利用率。铂合金电催化剂以Pt-Ru为主,通过Pt和Ru的协同作用,大大减少了铂的用量(Pt与Ru的质量比为0.05:1),提高了催化剂抗CO性能。多元复合催化剂和非铂系催化剂也是目前的研究热点。

The effective electrocatalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFC） is still platinum （Pt）. Due to the high price and little resource of Pt, the PEMFC is high cost, whose widely application is restricted. Therefore, the main goal in this field is to reduce the amount of noble metal catalyst, search the cheap catalyst, and increase the performance of electrode catalyst. Pt/carbon electrocatalysts are prepared, i.e. Pt catalyst is loaded on the high actively carbon material. The amount of Pt is decreased form 4 mg/cm^2 to 0.7 mg/cm^2 1.0 mg/cm^2 or 0.05 mg/cm^2-0.2 mg/cm^2 indeed, and then the utilization of Pt is effectively increased. The main Pt alloy electrocatalyst is Pt-Ru, and the amount of Pt can be greatly decreased through the action of Pt cooperate with Ru（the quality ratio of Pt and Ru is 0.05：1）, as well as the catalyst tolerance of CO is improved. At present, the multi-composite catalyst and the non-platinum catalyst are the research hotspot in the field, too.