大豆抗食叶性害虫育种的鉴定方法与标准

A Study on Methods and Criteria of Identification of Resistance to Leaf-feeding Insects in Soybean Breeding

经田间大豆食叶性害虫普查及种群结构调查和6724份大豆资源对食叶性害虫抗性鉴定,提出在南京生态条件下可利用自然虫源在8月10日至9月20日,尤其8月20日至9月10日,进行大豆抗食叶性害虫鉴定;提出与之相应的以叶片损失率为指标的田间抗性指数目测标准;并在此基础上,提出以变异系数为权重,用加权平均数综合多次观察值进行抗虫性分级的方法。从供试的6724份材料中遴选出用于抗豆卷叶螟专项鉴定和抗豆卷叶螟、大造桥虫与斜纹夜蛾等多种害虫综合抗性鉴定的2套标准品种作为今后在自然虫源条件下标准品种分级法抗虫鉴定的对照品种。

Data from field survey of soybean leaf-feeding insects(LFI)and screening for resistant sources of soybeans to LFI carried out in Nanjing during 1983-1994 were analyzed. The methods and criteria of identification of soybean resistance to LFI were put forward as follows: The time period from August 10 through September 20 was suitable for screening for sources of resistance of soybeans under natural insect population in Nanjing. A criterion of visual rating of defoliation on a scale of 0-4 was suggested for field screening for source of resistance of soybeans. Arithmatical mean, weighted mean(WA)and the first principal component were used as comprehensive scores over several times of observations. Among them, WA was considered the best one in most situation. A criterion of rating the comprehensive scores on a scale of five categories was suggested for classifing the levels of resistance. Two sets of resistant and susceptible varieties were suggested as the standard checks in field evaluation for compensating the fluctuation of materials and environmental conditions.