试论费孝通的“乡寰视野”

A Discussion on Fei Xiaotong ’s "Xiang -Huan Perspective"

本文根据费孝通的有关理论、观点提出"乡寰视野"、"劦业乡"两个概念,尝试以此来诠释费孝通关于中国城乡社会发展与世界经济之"休戚与共"的理论和实践活动。文章阐述了费孝通"乡寰视野"观的渊源、演进;从概念结构上解明"乡寰视野"中的"乡"和"寰",以及"劦业乡"各自的内涵构成;通过对映衬费孝通"乡寰视野"历史意识的理论梳理,以及对费孝通晚年就"乡"-"寰"关系问题所作阐述的把握,试图以更具综合性的视域对费孝通的这一重要思想作出较为系统的学理解释。文章最后指出,费孝通倡导"文化自觉"体现出了更为宽广、更为仁至的人文关怀的情愫。"乡寰视野"中的纯真的愿景,是"‘美好社会’的意念"。

According to Fei Xiaotong’s theories and viewpoints,the author advances two conceptions of 'xiang -huan perspective'(home -world perspective) and 'xie -ye commune'(commune of coordinated affairs) in order to interpret Fei Xiaotong ’s theories and practices regarding the co -development of Chinese urban -rural communities and the world economy. This article explains the origin and evolution of Fei’s 'xiang -huan perspective' and analyzes the conceptual constituents of 'xiang'(home), 'huan'(world), and 'xie -ye commune.' This theoretical inspection of Fei ’s historical consciousness (constructional view of history) as reflected in his 'xiang -huan perspective' and his explanation of the 'xiang -huan' relationships in his later years is an attempt to provide a systematic and academic interpretation of this important thinking of Fei’s. Finally, this article points out that what Fei advocated in fact embodies broader and kinder humanity and compassion, demonstrating the genuine wishes in his 'xian -huan perspective' for a 'fine society.'