玉米EMS诱变后代变化趋势的研究

Study on Change Tendency of Maize Offspring Induced by EMS

[目的]为了研究玉米EMS诱变后代的变化趋势,以期得到有益变异和创造新的玉米种质。[方法]选取5种玉米自交系(340、2345、K12、136、9010)为供试诱变亲本,以EMS-石蜡油溶液为诱变剂,直接对花粉诱变得到诱变后代,研究M1、M2代的农艺性状与M3代种子的品质性状,分析诱变后代的变化趋势。[结果]各品种畸变率随EMS浓度增加而变大。M1代的出苗率和成株率明显低于对照,M2代百粒重明显低于对照,出苗率和成株率比M1代高,但比对照低。EMS对M3代种子营养含量的影响是非定向的,对各品种的影响不同。[结论]用EMS诱变玉米花粉效果显著,对于诱变后代的生理损伤和遗传性状的改变很大,但是不同材料对于EMS的敏感程度不同,故对于每种材料应选择合适的EMS浓度。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the change tendency of maize offspring induced by EMS so as to obtain beneficial variation and create new maize germplasm. [Method] Adopting 5 maize inbred lines （340,2345,K12,136,9010） as tested mutation parental lines, with EMS-paraffin oil solution as mutagen, mutation offspring were obtained by inducing pollen mutation directly. The agronomic traits of M1 and M2 and quality traits of M3 seeds were studied and change tendency of mutation offspring was analyzed. [Result] Aberration rate of each variety were largened along with the increment of EMS concentration. Germination rate and surviving plant rate of M1 seeds were obviously lower than that of CK, 100-grain weight of M2 was obviously lower than CK, germination rate and surviving plant rate of M2 were higher than M1 and lower than CK. The effects of EMS on seeds nutritional content of M3 were not beamed and different in various varieties. [Conclusion] The effect of inducing maize pollen by EMS was significant and the physiological damages and changes of genetic traits of mutation offspring were great. But the sensitive degrees of various materials to EMS were different, so proper concentration of EMS should be chosen for each material.