东海县耕地肥力现状及培肥对策

Cultivated-land Fertility Present Status and Fertilizing Countermeasures in Donghai County

[目的]为了从“优质、高产、高效、安全、生态”的高度建立土壤的培肥途径和措施。[方法]依据多年的调查和试验结果,分析了东海县第2次土壤普查以来肥料投入构成情况及土壤肥力的变化趋势。[结果]2006年土壤有机质含量比1981年上升了7.93 g/kg,平均每年上升0.317 g/kg;土壤全氮上升了0.366 g/kg,年均上升0.014 6 g/kg;速效磷含量增加了4.7 mg/kg,年均上升0.30 mg/kg;1981~2006年间,土壤容重由1.41 g/cm3上升为1.49 g/cm3,耕层厚度由17.0 cm下降为11.6 cm,土壤通气孔隙度由37.1%上升为39.7%。速效钾在1981~1991年间共下降41.6 mg/kg,年平均下降4.16 mg/kg,1991年后明显回升,到2006年土壤速效钾含量达到109.6 mg/kg,年平均增加2.35 mg/kg。[结论]提出了稳定增加有机肥投入量;搞好平衡施肥,合理施用化肥;推广间隔耕翻、深耕技术,改善土壤物理性状;鼓励农民增加投入,提高耕地质量培肥地力的对策。

[Objective] The purpose was to establish fertilizing measure from the views of ＂good-quality,high-yield,high-efficiency,safety and ecology＂.[Method] Based on investigation and experimental results for many years,the composition of fertilizer input constitutes and variation trend of soil fertility since the second soil census of Donghai County were analyzed.[Result] Compared with 1981,organic content increased 7.93 g/kg,averagely rising 0.317 g/kg per year;total nitrogen content increased 0.366 g/kg,averagely rising 0.014 6 g/kg per year;quick-acting phosphorous content increased 4.7 mg/kg,averagely rising 0.30 mg/kg per year.From 1981 to 2006,soil volume weight increased from 1.41 g/cm3 to 1.49 g/cm3,average plow layer thickness decreased from 17.0 cm to 11.6 cm and average soil aeration porosity varied from 37.1% to 39.7%.The quick-acting potassium decreased 41.6 mg/kg totally from 1981 to 1991,averagely reducing 4.16 mg/kg per year,and picked up obviously after 1991.Until 2006,the quick-acting potassium in soil got to 109.6 mg/kg,averagely increasing 2.35 mg/kg per year.[Conclusion] The countermeasure to increase organic fertilizer input stably,do balance fertilization well,use chemical fertilizer rationally,popularize interval ploughing and deep tillage techniques,improve soil physical characters,encourage peasants to increase input and enhance cultivated-land quality and enrich fertility were put forward.