中国水泥生产的物质消耗和环境排放分析

Resource Depletion and Environmental Discharge of Cement Production in China

以我国目前采用的立窑和新型干法窑两大主要生产工艺为基础,利用国内外通用的生命周期评价思想和物质流分析方法对我国2000~2005年水泥生产过程中的物能代谢和环境负荷状况进行了定量评价。结果表明,2005年我国生产1 t通用水泥需要的直接物质投入是1.73 t,间接物质投入（生态包袱）是2.97 t;吨水泥综合能耗是4.42 GJ,其中立窑水泥综合标准煤耗达到170.07 kg/t,是新型干法窑的1.33倍;另外,生产工艺改进引起的CO2和粉尘减排不能平衡由水泥产量增加导致的污染排放增长,水泥行业节能降耗潜力巨大,相关配套政策有待完善。

Based on the two major manufacturing techniques currently adopted in China,namely the shaft kiln technique and the new technique of modern rotary kiln,the material-energy metabolism and environmental discharge condition in the processes of cement production in China from 2000 to 2005 were estimated quantitatively by ideology of life cycle assessment and method of material flow analyses.The results indicated that the required direct material input to produce one ton cement was 1.73 tons,while the indirect input（Ecological Rucksack） was 2.97 tons.The overall energy consumption per ton of cement production was 4.42 GJ,in which overall standard coal equivalent consumption reached 170.07 kg/t for shaft kiln technique,being 1.33 times of that of the new technique of dry rotary kiln.Moreover,the decreases of CO2 and dust discharge induced by improvement of manufacturing technique were not capable to balance the discharge increase caused by the increase of cement output.However,there was still great challenge for relative governmental policies to work for further saving energy and reducing consumption in cement industry.