北宋讲武礼初探

Research on Ceremonial Parades in the Song Dynasty

在中国历史上,讲武礼是一项古老的传统礼仪制度。先秦时代,讲武礼已是天子、国君检阅军队与昭显国力的重要手段。至宋代,讲武礼最初依然发挥着炫耀国威、激励军功的作用,受到应有的重视。随着北宋"崇文抑武"国策的不断推行,军事与武力因素在政治生活中的影响受到压制,国家的尚武精神日渐消退,讲武礼遂走向形式化和边缘化。讲武礼在宋神宗朝纵然有过短暂的复兴与变化,表达了当政者的强国、强军意愿,但最终因朝政的紊乱而在王朝的礼制和政治中完全消失。

In Chinese history, the ceremonial parades were ancient and traditional etiquettes. Before the Qin Dynasty, it was a main measure that the monarch paraded the troops and showed the national power off. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, ceremonial parades still had its former function, because the emperor highly praised it. With the policy of emphasis on culture and restraint on military carrying out, the factor that military affected on politics had been restrained. Meanwhile, the policy of ad- vocating military faded away day by day. Ceremonial parades became formal and be on the fringes of politics. During the period of the emperor Shen-tsung, ceremonial parades had revived and had some alteration for the short duration, which expressed the monarch＇s expectation of strengthen the nation and the troops. But finally ceremonial parades had vanished completely in the dynasty＇s etiquette and politics, because of chaotic political affairs.