培养道德选择能力:当代道德教育的选择

Fostering the Ability of Making a Moral Choice:Contemporary Moral Education's Choice

由于对道德教育本体认识的偏差,道德教育简约为道德行为规范的植入与接受及行为训练,遮蔽了道德规范所依赖的价值取向及其合理性论证,当前的道德教育没有实现其工具功能和本体功能,陷入无效的困境。其根源是本质主义思维方式。道德教育走出困境需改变思维方式,以实践思维方式思考道德教育。实践思维方式以人为中心,关心人的生存,因而要求道德教育以道德判断、道德选择能力的培养取代"德目"的灌输。培养道德选择、判断能力的策略是:教学生以公正作为道德判断的原则、用"+1示范法"引起学生的道德冲突、奉行促进个体道德判断发展的原则、培养学生的道德观念、"公正团体"策略。

Because of the deviation in understanding the ontology of moral education, moral education simplified into norms of behavior and acceptance of implantation and conduct training has covered the value orientation and rational verification moral education depends on, so the current moral education has not realized its tool and ontology functions,falling into the invalidity plight. Its root cause is essentially Marxist way of thinking. So it is necessary for the moral education to change its way of thinking, thinking of moral education by way of practical thinking to walk out of the plight. Practical thinking approach is human-centered, caring for people＇s survival, thus calling for moral judgment and moral choice to replace the cultivation of ＂virtues＂ indoctrination. We can adopt the following five strategies in fostering the moral choice ability： teaching students the principle of judging fairly, arousing students＇ moral conflict by applying the ＂＋1 model law＂, pursuing the principle of developing individual moral judgment, cultivating students＇ moral concepts and taking the strategy of ＂justice groups＂.