外显知识在语法习得中的认知作用

Cognitive Functions of Explicit Knowledge in Grammar Acquisition

有人认为,陈述性知识是认知外语的基石,规约语言行为;语法失误是由于陈述性知识缺省,所以外语教学要注重陈述知识的学习。其实,任何二语习得理论都要解释内隐知识(程序性知识)的认知发展。语法习得包含认知微观处理和宏观处理,外显知识(陈述性知识)缺省不一定导致语法失误,而是由学习者对目标语语语法项目的不确定性和母语迁移等多种认知因素引发的。

Some research claims that declarative knowledge, which prescribes language performance, is the foundation stone of foreign language cognition, and that grammar errors are resulted from default of declarative knowledge. Therefore foreign language teaching should focus on declarative knowledge. Any second language acquisition theory has to explain cognition development of implicit knowledge （ procedure knowledge）. Grammar acquisition contains both cognitive micro - processing and macro - processing. Default of explicit knowledge （ declarative knowledge） may not necessarily result in grammar errors, but because of various recognition factors such as uncertainty and L1 transfer about grammar items.