减缓车削加工时细长轴振动的方法

Way to alleviate vibration of slender shaft during turning

振动严重影响细长轴类零件的加工质量,由于细长轴类零件长径比大、刚性差,固很难控制车削时发生的振动。从振动的角度对细长轴车削时变形情况进行了分析。介绍了细长轴的常见振动理论和在主车削力作用下细长轴的动特性。然后通过有限元法仿真了细长轴振动的模态特性。通过比较分析,从理论上证实了使用浮动跟刀架能有效地补偿控制振动以减少径向振型的振幅,从而明显地减小细长轴的加工误差。

Vibration seriously affects the machining quality of slender shaft like parts. It is very difficult to stop the vibration due to their big length- diameter ratios, poor rigidity. This article analyzes the features of deformation of slender shafts on turning from the angle of vibration. Firstly, three kinds of familiar theories on vibration of slender shaft are introduced based on a simplified tuming forced model of slender shafts. Secondly, the dynamic characteristics subjected to the main turning force are derived. Thirdly, modal analysis of the slender shaft is done using the finite element method, and devises a floating support to reduce the vibration. By comparison of the first- order vibration mode of slender shafts before and after using the floating support, it can be seen that the floating support can effectively control the radial vibration magnitude and lessen the machining error of slender shafts. Subsequent transient dynamic analysis further verified this point.