贡嘎山地区泥石流形成的水热组合分析

Analysis on Hydro-thermal Combination of Debris Flow Occurrence in Mt. Gongga Region

贡嘎山位于青藏高原东缘、大雪山脉中南段,区域地形地貌复杂,气候多变,泥石流活动频繁。近年来,随着全球气候变暖,冰川的退缩,泥石流灾害日趋严重。对近40 a来该区泥石流发生的年际、年内和暴发前夕的水热组合分析发现:湿热的水热组合最有利于泥石流的形成,泥石流类型不同,其水热组合也存在一定的差异。冰川泥石流暴发的年内降水变化曲线多呈双峰或多峰型,气温曲线一般呈单峰型,而冰雪雨水型泥石流暴发当月的气温和降水都比较高,气温和降水变化曲线一般都呈单峰型。

The Mt. this region, debris with global climate Gongga is located at the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, middle and south of Mt. Daxue. In flow breaking out frequently with complex landform and variation climate. In recent 40 years, warming, glacier fluctuation and debris-flows breaking out with high frequency, both of them bring tremendous damage to local economy and environment. Based on climatic data, glacier data and debris flows materials in recent 40 years in Mt. Gongga, annual, inner year and the breaking-out-eve hydro-thermal allocation gained exploration in a deeply way, and found that the warm-humid climate is benefited for debris flow occurring. The type of debris flow is relative to the combination of hydro-thermal conditions in a year. For glacial debris flow, the precipitation curve shows the two peaks or multiple peaks and the curve of temperature show a single peak, deb- ris flows are mainly caused by high temperature. But for melt-water and rain water debris flow which is generated by both high temperature and abundant rainstorm, the curve of temperature and precipitation show a single peak. The study is important for forecasting debris flow developing tendency, reduction and mitigation hazards and global climatic changes in the region.