长江上游山区聚落与水土保持的耦合机制

The Coupling Mechanisms of Rural Settlements and Water & Soil Conservation Projects in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

运用地理学、生态学和物理学的理论,从全新的角度对长江上游山区聚落形成的环境机制进行了系统的分析,提出山区聚落与水土保持之间存在的内在联系:1.山区聚落场所地处山体的自然截流部位,山区耕地的数量和质量是人类聚落对山地坡面过程中水、土资源截流效果的指示器,截留的规模决定聚落规模;2.小流域综合治理是一个完整的截流或节流体系,水土保持的本质就是对山地坡面过程截留;3.通过水土保持,人类获得赖以生存的物质和能量。因此,水土保持是山区聚落生态建设的基础工程,是链接人口、资源与环境协调发展的纽带,沟通人文聚落与自然环境和谐共处的桥梁。

Rural settlements in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River are generally located in headwater areas and in such areas with high potential energy. This paper will use theories in physics, geography and ecology to make a comprehensive study of rural settlements in the upper reaches of Yangtze River. It is hoped that modern scientific theories may shed some lights on formation, location, operation, material cycling and energy flow of rural settlements. It will help us have a deeper understanding of the relationship between rural settlements. The main ideas are such as follows ： （1） the quantity and quality of arable land in mountains is an indicator of intercepted flows of water and soil; （2） the size of arable land has determined the scale of the settlement; （3） By soil conservation, humans can obtain material and energy to support their livelihood. As a fundamental work for ecological reconstruction, soil conservation is a link that promotes a harmonious development between population, resource and environment, and a bridge to coordinate man and nature.