产业集群的辨识及其特征分析——以浙江省制造业为例

Identifying Industrial Clusters: A Quantitative Case Study of Manufacturing Industry in Zhejiang Province

产业集群是国内非常重要的经济现象,但是如何辨识产业集群却一直困扰着学术界和政府部门,关键问题是产业集群缺乏统一的辨识标准。浙江省拥有数量众多的制造业产业集群,而且涉及的产业门类非常广泛,是我国产业集群发展最为典型的省份之一。本文利用2001年浙江省基本单位普查数据,同时选取浙江省各个邮区的四位数产业就业区位商≥3以及该产业内的企业数目≥100家这两个标准,进行产业集群的辨识,共辨识了116个典型产业集群。结果表明,按照该辨识标准,能够辨识出典型的制造业产业集群,而且每个产业集群都具有明确的产业门类及地理边界。文章最后部分归纳了浙江省典型制造业集群的空间分布以及规模结构等特征。

Industrial cluster is a very important economic phenomenon in China, but it bothers both the academe and the government to identify the industrial cluster, for there is no consistent and widely accepted criteria. Zhejiang province has a large number of manufacturing industrial cluster which cover various industrial categories. Using data from Census of Basic Units 2001, we apply the Location Quotient Method to identify industrial clusters. We consider that there is an industrial cluster in the district when the location quotient of a special industry comes up to 3 and the number of firms of the same industry comes up to 100 in a postal district. According to this standard, this article identifies 116 industrial clusters in four-digitindustry. The Location Quotient Method can tell us where the indusrtrial cluster is and which specific industry the cluster belongs to. In the following part, the spatial distribution and internal scale structure of the typical industrial clusters are analyzed.