重金属污染对土壤动物群落结构及空间分布的影响

Impact of heavy metals pollution on the community structure and spatial distribution of soil animals

2002年6月,通过对淮南煤矿和发电厂灰场周围等8个样地采样调查,共获得大型及中小型土壤动物3859个,计22类,隶属4门9纲,优势类群为弹尾类、螨类、线虫类,占全部捕获土壤动物的74%;其余为常见类群和稀有类群.重金属污染对土壤动物的影响非常明显.在洛河发电厂灰场大坝外围,土壤动物群落的个体数和类群数随着距灰场水平距离的缩小和污染的加重而减少.土壤动物群落个体数和类群数在土层的垂直分布出现了逆分布或变化和缓现象,在土壤表层的聚集性消失.随着重金属污染的加重,土壤动物群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、密度-类群指数均趋于减小,优势度指数趋于增大.

By sampling at 8 plots surrounding the coal-mining and coal-ash areas in Huannan City of Anhui Province, a total of 3 859 individuals of soil macro-, meso-, and micro-fauna belonging to 22 groups, 9 classes and 4 phyla were collected. The dominant groups were Collembola, Acarina and Nematoda, accounting for 74% of the total, and the others were frequent and rare groups. Heavy metals pollution had powerful impact on soil animals. The individual numbers and groups of soil animals declined with the aggravation of heavy metals pollution from out of the dam site to the nearing site of coal-ash area in Luohe Power Plant, and showed an abnormal distribution or little change in vertical and disappeared in surface layer. The heavy metals pollution resulted in a decline in the diversity index, evenness and density-group index, but a rise in the dominance index of soil animals.