作物产量“三合结构”定量表达及高产分析

"Three Combination Structure" Quantitative Expression and High Yield Analysis in Crops

针对目前作物产量水平长期徘徊难以突破,产量分析理论缺乏量化指标体系,可操作性指导作用小等问题,依据"三合结构"模式二级结构层各因素间的关系,建立了"三合结构"定量表达式,并通过田间试验与模型模拟相结合的方法,对春玉米、夏玉米、水稻和冬小麦高产实例进行定量化分析,明确了限制产量进一步提高的关键因素,提出了高产突破的可能方向。结果表明,提高叶片平均净同化率(MNAR),改善群体的物质生产能力,是水稻产量进一步提升的关键;适当提高平均叶面积指数(MLAI)或经济系数(HI)可能会进一步增加冬小麦产量;春玉米籽粒产量主要伴随着MLAI和单位面积穗数(EN)的增加而提高,其实质是平均作物生长率(MCGR)的提高增加了单位面积上总粒数(TGN)。进一步研究确定了"三合结构"定量表达式参数间的函数关系式,通过公式代换可推导出某一参数与目标参数的函数关系。作物产量"三合结构"定量表达式的建立为作物群体定量化研究提供了新的思路和方法,有助于全面掌握群体参数变化与产量形成的定量关系,为指导作物生产进行有效的技术调控提供依据。

With the increasing of crop yield,topping the highest yield becomes more difficult.Higher productivity requires better crop performance,which accordingly requires precise crop husbandry.However,there are still large gaps in understanding crop performance and their relevant physiological factors and furthermore the effective manipulation measures.As a consequence of which,quantified crop yield analysis is badly needed.On the basis of the secondary structure of ＂three combination structure＂ crop yield analysis model,which is the organic integration of photosynthetic property,source sink and yield component theory,the concept of ＂three combination structure quantitative expression＂ was put forward,and the parameters were calculated by means of field experiments and simulation methods.With that the quantitative expressions of spring maize（Zea mays L.）,summer maize,rice（Oryza sativa L.） and winter wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） were founded respectively.And the causations for high yield and the restricted factors for higher yield were analyzed.Improving mean net assimilation rate（MNAR） would improve rice yield,and properly increasing mean leaf area index（MLAI） or harvest index（HI） was the possible way for higher winter wheat yield.The mutative trends of each equation parameter were analyzed for different spring maize populations,the results showed that improving total grain number per unit land area（TGN） via increasing mean crop growth rate（MCGR） would result in higher maize yield.The definite function expressions between the parameters were also established.With the definite relationships between the parameters,one parameter can be expressed with other relevant parameter（s）.The foundation of the ＂three combination structure＂ quantitative expression provided a new idea and new method for the quantitative analysis of crop production.With that one could understand yield formation processes systematically and make a good judgment on the critical factors for limiting higher yield and explore corresponding possible ways to settle them accordingly.So ＂three combination structure＂ quantitative expression might be a good guidance for higher crop production.