硝化作用作为生态毒性指标评价土壤重金属污染生态风险

Nitrification as Ecotoxicological Endpoint in Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution

土壤质量评价基准的确立是土壤污染研究的重要方向.目前评价重金属对土壤微生物生态风险的终点指标主要有土壤生物量、土壤呼吸、酶活性、硝化作用和固氮等.解决土壤中的重金属污染是环境领域的重大课题,评价和确定一个能较早预知重金属毒性的敏感指标则具有重要意义.硝化作用因其对重金属污染的敏感性及在全球氮循环中的重要作用,在评价土壤重金属毒性研究中具有广泛的应用.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,对硝化作用的机制、影响因素以及在指示环境变化中的作用及局限性等方面进行了综述.

The establishment of standards for estimating soil quality is an important area in studies of soil pollution. At present, there are some ecotoxicological endpoints for assessing the risk in soil microbial process, including soil biomass, soil respiration, enzyme activity, nitrification and N fixation etc. Mitigating the problems associated with heavy metal pollution of soils is our important subject in environmental field. Because of its sensitivity to heavy metal and the key role in global N cycle, nitrification has been widely used in estimating heavy metal toxicity. This paper summarizes recent studies in the mechanism, application and the factors affecting nitrification.