国际关系研究中的历史学与政治学:方法论的启示

History and Political Science in the Study of International Relations

历史学与政治学在对国际关系研究的对象与目标、假设条件与研究方法等方面都存在着差异。在对象与目标上,有特殊规律还是一般规律、叙述性解释还是理论性解释等的差异;在假设条件上,有时空条件还是分析标准的差异。在研究国际关系时历史学与政治学都有很多东西值得对方借鉴。

The differences between history and political science in the study of international relations lie in following areas：the phenomenon to be explained,the way in which this phenomenon is conceived for the purposes of explanation,and the approach of explanation.There are the idiographic/nomothetic distinction and the narrative-based /theory-based distinction on the part of the phenomenon to be explained.Historians use temporal and spatial criteria whereas political scientists use analytical criteria,as contained in the assumptions underlying their theories.It is worth to use the methods of the other field for reference between history and political science.