Activation of paternally expressed imprinted genes in newly derived germline-competent mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell lines

单性生殖的胚胎的茎(足) 细胞为学习位于印的 genomic 下面的分子的机制提供一个珍贵试管内模型系统。然而，足房间的 thepluripotency 和父亲一般地表示的印的基因的表示侧面一直不是充分探索了。在这研究，三根老鼠足房间线被建立，在扩大文化的这些房间的区别潜力被评估。无差别的房间有正常核型和同型结合的染色体，并且表示了 ES-cell-specific 分子的标记。房间在超过 50 个段落以后仍然保持无差别并且展出了 pluripotentdifferentiation 能力。确定的 ES 房间的所有三根线生产了 teratomas；ES 房间的二根线生产了怪物和细菌线传播。而且，在这些房间的父亲一般地表示的印的基因 Snrpn， U2af1-rs1， Peg3，影响， Zfp127， Dlk1 和 Mest 的激活被检测。父亲一般地表示的印的基因被发现在单性生殖的联盟者的胚囊阶段被表示的一些激活胚胎试管内，他们的表示水平与扩大的足细胞培养增加了。而且，我们在足房间的这些父亲一般地表示的印的基因的激活在 ther 的甲基化与一个变化被联系的数据表演鼓舞了差别 methylated 区域。这些调查结果为足房间的 thepluripotency 提供直接证据并且在足房间表明在脱氧核糖核酸甲基化模式和父亲一般地表示的印的基因的激活之间的协会。因此，确定的 ES 房间线为在哺乳动物的开发学习 epigenetic 规定提供一个珍贵模型。

Parthenogenetic embryonic stem （pES） cells provide a valuable in vitro model system for studying the molecular mechanisms that underlie genomic imprinting. However, the pluripotency of pES cells and the expression profiles of paternally expressed imprinted genes have not been fully explored. In this study, three mouse pES cell lines were established and the differentiation potential of these cells in extended culture was evaluated. The undifferentiated cells had a normal karyotype and homozygous genome, and expressed ES-cell-specific molecular markers. The cells remained undifferentiated after more than 50 passages and exhibited pluripotent differentiation capacity. All three lines of the established ES cells produced teratomas; two lines of ES cells produced chimeras and germline transmission. Furthermore, activation of the paternally expressed imprinted genes Snrpn, U2afl-rsl, Peg3, Impact, Zfp127, Dlkl and Mest in these cells was detected. Some paternally expressed imprinted genes were found to be expressed in the blastocyst stage of parthenogenetically activated embryos in vitro and their expression level increased with extended pES cell culture. Furthermore, our data show that the activation of these paternally expressed imprinted genes in pES cells was associated with a change in the methylation of the related differentially methylated regions. These findings provide direct evidence for the pluripotency of pES cells and demonstrate the association between the DNA methylation pattern and the activa- tion of paternally expressed imprinted genes in pES cells. Thus, the established ES cell lines provide a valuable model for studying epigenetic regulation in mammalian development.