“香花僧秘典”、“万五道宗”、“西鲁故事”与天地会起源

" Secret Code of the Fragrant Flower Monk"," The Wan-Wu Daozong","The Story of Xilu" and the Origins of The Heaven and Earth Society

20世纪90年代,福建诏安长林寺遗址、万五道宗遗迹以及被罗炤取名为"香花僧秘典"的手抄本的发现,曾在学术界引起不小的轰动。因"秘典"中抄录了一些与天地会有关的内容,罗炤先生又确认"香花僧秘典"的主要部分系出自万五道宗之手,故认为"秘典"乃研究天地会起源之珍贵史料,万五道宗乃天地会创始人。这一结论被一些学者认为是天地会起源研究的"重大突破"。2006年笔者在福建东山苦菜寺拜访了该寺住持白文太,见到该"秘典"的真本《正源》。两相对照,发现《正源》中并没有涉及天地会之内容,"秘典"中所载天地会之人物、诗句,乃抄录者所添加。"秘典"既有"同盟会"字样,说明绝非出自康熙年间万五道宗之手,故不能作为研究天地会起源的依据,有关结论也难以成立。但诏安长林寺遗址的发现,却有助于解读天地会《会簿》中西鲁故事。

The discovery in the 1990s of the ruins of the Changlin Monastery, the relics of Wan-Wu Daozong, in Fujian, and what Luo Zhao has called the manuscripts of the ＂Secret Code of the Fragrant Flower Monk＂ caused quite a stir in academia. ＂The Secret Code,＂ which is copied some materials related with Heaven and Earth Society, and Luo Zhao confirmed it mainly written by Wan - Wu Daozong, so it is regarded as valuable historical source for studying the origin of Heaven and Earth Society. Wan - Wu Daozong as the founder of the Heaven and Earth Society. Some scholars believe this find was a ＂major breakthrough＂ in the research on origins of the Heaven and Earth Society. In 2006 this author visited the abbot of Kulai Temple on Dongshan Island in Fujian and examined the authentic source of the ＂secret code. ＂ In comparison, the author found that the source was not related to the content of Heaven and Earth Society. The Heaven and Earth Society figures and poems contained in these recent discoveries were added afterwards. The word ＂Tongmenghui＂ was in the ＂Secret Code＂, so it is impossible the work was handed down from Wan - Wu Daozong during Kangxi period. Therefore it cannot be taken as a source for studying the origins of Heaven and Earth Society. Conclusions based on it do not stand up. But the discovery of the ruins of Changlin Monastery contributes to understanding the story of Xilu in ＂Record of the Society＂ of Heaven and Earth Society.