美国国会中的外来游说

Foreign Lobbying in American Congress

美国政治制度中的立法设计为利益集团游说提供了条件。游说议员以期影响立法符合自己的利益,成为利益集团彼此竞争的焦点。鉴于美国超级大国地位,来自国外的游说也司空见惯。如果说国内游说对国会立法产生了影响,因而是现实;那么外来游说往往被夸大了,所以只能是神话。本文探讨的重点是外来游说特别是以色列和土耳其的游说影响,认为这种影响的大小将取决于美国战略利益,而非相反;尽管游说在一定程度上能起作用,但实践证明不能把改善与美关系寄托在对美国国会的游说上。

The legislative design in American political system makes it possible for interest groups to conduct lobbying. The focus of competition among the interest groups is the lobbying of congressmen to ensure that the legislation approved is in line with the interest of the group. Since the United States is a super power, foreign lobbying is also very common. It is a fact that domestic lobbying has affected Congressional legislation but it is a myth about the influence of foreign lobbying .The article makes a study of the influence of foreign lobbying, especially Israeli and Turkish lobbying, and shows that the effect of lobbying is determined by American strategic interest, not the other way round. Although lobbying may play a role, practice proves that a country should not pin its hope of the improvement of relation with the United States on Congressional lobbying.