多媒体学习的认知机制

Cognitive Mechanism of Multimedia Learning

多媒体学习的认知机制是从两个层面上加以研究的。一个层面是专门的多媒体认知机制理论,包括双重编码理论、多媒体学习模型与新双重编码理论,另一个层面是一般性的认知机制理论,包括工作记忆模型、分布式认知理论、认知负荷理论以及生成学习理论等。这些理论对前一层面的模型起支撑作用,并能指导对多媒体学习的深入研究。但是,多媒体学习的认知机制研究应当是以建构主义学习理论而不是认知主义的学习理论为背景的,应当具有大脑认知神经科学的证据予以支持,应当是关注学习的情境性问题。

The cognitive mechanism of multimedia learning has been studies at two levels. One is the specialized multimedia theory of cognitive mechanism, including dual coding theory, multimedia learning model, and new dual coding theory, explaining directly how learners process different formats of information in multimedia learning environments. The other theory includes working memory model, distributed cognition theory, cognitive load theory, and generated learning theory, these uncovering the general cognitive processes of multimedia learning. However, most of these theories are based on cognitivism instead of constructivism, and have so far not been supported by neuron-cognitive researches. Essentially, the theories about the cognitive mechanism of multimedia learning should consider the relationship between media representation, learning content, and learning context.