文艺学的学科身份重建

Reconstruction for cultural identity of literature and art

文化研究语境下的文艺学身份重建,存在本质主义与反本质主义两种思维方式。本质主义坚持文艺学中的元理论、科学性、经典化;反本质主义重新定义文学性、文学自主性,并在日常生活审美化的语境下反思文艺学的学科性。在重建文艺学的思路上,一派主张在文艺学内部进行调整,拉近与现实的关系;另一派主张从文艺学外部重建历史化、地方化的文艺学。前者的优势在于拥有体制性的确认和多年的学科底蕴,劣势在于守成有余而创新不足,对日新月异的文学、文化现象反应迟钝,与社会现实、大众实际的文化活动、文艺实践等之间存在明显的脱节;后者的优势在于紧跟社会、时代的文学、文化节奏,对崭新的文学、文化文本具有超强的敏感,善于对其进行文本分析,劣势是过于偏爱的西方理论,自我理论创新不足,解构有余而不足以建构的文艺学新的文化身份。

The cultural identity of literature and art is being reconstructed under linguistic environment of cultural studies. Reconsideration of discipline on literature and art has already become a prolonged academic hot spot. There are two thinking modes：essential principle and the counter-essential one. The essential principle insists on a intrinsic theory, the scientific nature and the classics, while the counter-essential principle redefines the literature and the literature independency. Moreover, the literature and art discipline is reconsidered under esthetic linguistic environment in the daily life. In the reconstruction of literature and art, some advocate adjustment of the interior of literature and art to make it closer with the reality relations, and some insist on reconstructing history and localization of literature and art from exterior. The advantage of the former is that it has the confirmation of system and years＇ discipline. The inferior position is slow in reacting, and is disjointed with society reality. Literature and art practice obviously run adrift of actual culture of masses. The latter advantage lies in keeping abreast of society and the times. The version has ultra-strong sensitiveness to western new culture, and is expert in the analysis in carrying out the version. The inferior position is that it lies on western theory, but its theoretical innovation is excessively insufficient. So it is not able to reinstate new structure of literature and its cultural identity.