铁路路基检查车的研究

Research on Railway Subgrade Inspection Car

研究目的:铁路路基状态关系到铁路运输安全。我国铁路总里程7万多公里,目前铁路路基病害检查仍然采用传统的人工勘探方法,但仅靠人工勘探方法不可能实现全国铁路路基病害的普查。迫切需要研制新的路基检查方法。研究方法:将探地雷达系统安装在车辆上,组成铁路路基检查车,探地雷达系统向地下发射短电磁脉冲,接收地下界面电磁反射波,采集到的发射波显示为1个波形,当天线移动时,就得到1个连续剖面。根据这个连续剖面,可以推测出路基表面的几何形态和路基土的含水量,从而发现路基病害。研究结果:西安铁路局和西安交通大学研制的铁路路基检查车(轨道车或客车),采用探地雷达检测方法,测试速度为45 km/h,测试深度为3.0 m。3套收发天线分别位于线路中心、两钢轨外侧,同时测试3个纵剖面。研究结论:铁路路基检查车已在京九线、阳安线、陇海线和宁西线进行了试验,取得良好的试验结果,但在主要干线上45 km/h的速度偏低,尚需进一步研制具有较高扫描速率的探地雷达系统。

Research purposes： The status of railway subgrade is of vital importance to the security of railway transportation. Nowadays China has railway lines with total length of over 70000 kin, the diseases of railway subgrade are still inspected with manual inspection, but this general inspection cannot be done for the diseases of entire lines over the country and it is exigent to research the method of subgrade inspection.Research methods：The railway subgrade inspection car is equipped with Ground Penetrating Radar System （GPR） to inspect the status of railway subgrade. GPR system transmits short electromagnetic pulse into subsurface and receives the reflections from the interface under ground. The collected reflections are displayed as a waveform. When the antenna is moving, a continuous profile is obtained and based on which the geometric shape of subgrade and water content of soil can be deduced to seek the subgrade diseases.Research results：The subgrade inspection car, developed by Scientific and Technological Research Institute of Xi＇an Railway Administration and Xi＇ an Jiaotong University, is equipped with GPR, with testing speed of 45 km/h and penetrating depth of about 3.0 m. The three sets of antenna are located at the centre of track and on both sides of tie for inspecting three profiles at the same time. The ear has been tested on Beijing -Kowloon, Yangpingguan- Ankang and Liangyungan -Lanzhou railways with good results.Research conclnsions：However the speed of 45 km/h is lower to use in main lines, GPR system of higher scan speed should be developed.