蚊虫抗药性分子机理

The molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes

蚊虫由于特殊的行为、生理及与人类生活密切相关,从而成为人类许多疾病的媒介,如疟疾、登革热、日本脑炎、丝虫病等,大多由库蚊Culex、伊蚊Aedes或按蚊Anopheles传播。世界上每年大量的化学杀虫剂用于农业和公共卫生,直接或间接给蚊虫带来选择压力而引发抗性。抗性机制基本可以分为两大类:代谢抗性(如非特异性羧酸酯酶,P450单加氧酶,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的扩增)和靶标抗性(如乙酰胆碱酯酶、GABA受体和电压门控钠离子通道的突变)。文章对这些机理的研究进展进行综述。

Mosquitoes, due to their special behavior, physiology and close relationship with humans, act as one of the most important vectors of human diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis. The major vector mosquitoes are members of the Culex, Aedes and Anopheles genera. Large quantities of chemical insecticides applied annually for agriculture and public health in the world directly or indirectly bring heavy selection pressure on mosquito populations resulting in development resistance in these insects. Most resistance mechanisms can be categorized into two groups, metabolic resistance （alterations in the levels or activities of detoxification proteins, such as non-specific carboxylesterases, P450 monooxygenases, Glutathione S-transferases）, and target site resistance （mutations in the acetylcholinesterase, GABA receptor and voltage-gated sodium channel genes）. In this article, recent research advances in chemical insecticide resistance in mosquitoes are reviewed and discussed.