明亮熊蜂繁育室内印度谷斑螟的形态特征与生物学特性

Morphological characters and bionomics of Plodia interpunctella, a pest in Bombus lucorum colonies breeding in captivity

明亮熊蜂Bombus lucorum L.是一种重要的温室果菜传粉昆虫,印度谷斑螟Plodia interpunctella(Hbner)是危害明亮熊蜂繁育的主要害虫之一。2年的研究结果表明,印度谷斑螟的形态特征与危害蜜蜂巢房的大蜡螟Gallerie mellonellaL.和小蜡螟Achroia grisella Fabricius明显不同。印度谷斑螟以饲喂熊蜂的花粉为载体传播进熊蜂繁育室,在熊蜂繁育室内可以连续繁殖,1年发生6～8代,且世代重叠。印度谷斑螟幼虫主要以蜂群内的剩花粉为食,当花粉不足时,就开始取食巢房和蜂蛹,对熊蜂的规模化繁育危害较大,每年的5～8月、11～2月为危害高峰期。印度谷斑螟的发育受环境和食物的影响很大,在温度为28℃、相对湿度为60%熊蜂繁育室内,印度谷斑螟的卵期为4d,幼虫期为19～23d,蛹期为11d,成虫期为4～20d。成虫羽化后3～4h即可进行交配,雌蛾交配后当天就开始产卵,产卵期4～10d不等,平均产卵量107.8粒。在熊蜂繁育室消毒期间,食物短缺,印度谷斑螟幼虫进入休眠状态,各龄幼虫均可发生休眠现象。印度谷斑螟不危害蜜蜂,在蜜蜂巢房中不能存活。

The bumblebee Bombus lucorum L. is a popular insect pollinator for crops cultivated in greenhouse in China, and the Indian meal moth. Plodia interpuncteUa （Harbner） is one of the main pests in B. lucorum colonies breeding in captivity. The study showed that the morphology of P. interpunctella was significantly different with that of the greater wax moth （ Gallerie mellonella L. ） and the lesser wax moth （ Achrioa grisella Fabricius）, which harmed the combs in honeybee （Apis mellifera L. ） colonies. P. interpunctella spread into the bumblebee breeding room through the pollen which was the main food of B. lucorum, and they could reproduce 6 - 8 generations a year in the bumblebee breeding room. P. interpunctella larvae preferred to eat pollen as their food in bumblebee colonies, but they started to eat bumblebee cocoons and pupae when the pollen in colonies was not enough, it often resulted in severe damage in mass - rearing of bumblebees colonies under controlled conditions, especially in the time from May to August, and the time from November to next February every year. The development of P. interpunctella were affected mainly by environment condition and food. At the condition （28℃, RH 60% ） in bumblebee breeding room, the developmental periods of egg, larvae, pupae, and moths of P. interpunctella were 4 days, 19 - 23 days, 11 days and 4 - 20 days, respectively. The adults began to mate after their emerging 3 - 4 hours, and the female started laying eggs in one day after mating. The egg-laying time of the female often lasted for 4 - 20 days, the mean amount of eggs was 107.8 per female. P. interpunctella larvae often got into dormancy when bumblebee breeding room was in disinfection, for there were no foods for them. P. interpunctella did not damage to honeybees, and they could not survive in honeybee hive.