不同锻炼方式对男性老年人身体形态的影响

Study on the Effect of the Elderly Male Physique with Different Exercises Method

探讨在一般健身运动处方中强化力量练习后,对男性老年人身体形态的影响,为制定科学的运动处方提供依据;健康老年男性(60-69岁)120名,随机分为对照组、一般组、力量组,每组40人。对照组其原来的生活习惯不发生改变;一般组按照有氧和无氧交替进行的方式运动;力量组在一般组的基础上,加入力量练习。分别在试验前、试验1月后、7月后对所有试验对象进行形态指标测试,结果进行SPSS13.0进行重复测量资料的方差分析;三个组的身高、体重、肩胛皮下脂肪厚度实验前后、各组之间没有产生显著性差异;上臂皮下脂肪厚度试验后力量组显著下降(P<0.05);体脂含量%力量组显著下降(P<0.05);BMI指数力量组显著上升(P<0.05);强化力量练习使男性老年人上臂皮下脂肪厚度、身体脂肪%含量明显下降,有效降低机体的脂肪含量,增强体质,减少心血管系统疾病的发生;强化力量练习使BMI指数显著上升;有效改善老年人的身体形态结构,使身体粗壮,下肢力量加强,增强了抗跌倒能力,提高生活质量;老年人应该加强力量练习。

Objective： To explore the effect on the elderly male physique with the exercise prescription strength training which based on the general fitness exercise prescription, so as to provide the scientific basis to design exercise prescription for older men. Method：120 healthy older men （60-70 years old） were randomly divided into three groups, normal control group（NC）, general exercise prescription group（GEP）, strength training prescription group（STP）, each comprising 40 people. The NC conducted exercises in accordance with its original; The GEP conducted exercises with the exercise prescription alternating aerobic and anaerobic exercises; The STP conducted exercises with the exercise prescription adding strength exercises based on general exercise prescription .Before the experiment, one month later and seven month later at the end of experiment morphology was examined. Data were analyzed by SPSS13.0 using variance analysis. Results： There were not significant changes. The body height, the weight, scapula fat thickness between three groups after experiment. Compared with NC, the arm fat thickness and body fat content was significantly decreased in the STP. （P〈0.05） BMI had a increased tendency （P〈0.05）. Conclusion and suggestion： For older men, the exercise prescription strength training likely to decrease the arm fat thickness and body fat content to improve health level and prevent cardiovascular disease . For older men, the exercise prescription adding strength training can increase BMI and have certain degree acting on fat redistribution to enhance strength of leg, improving the sports ability significantly to prevent tumble and improve life quality. Old people should add shength training.