19世纪末美国公立学校手工教育向职业教育的转型

The Transformation from Hand-work Education to Vocational Education in American Public School in Late 19th Century

基于欧美手工教育理论与实践的基础以及美国社会转型和教育发展对其内在需求的背景，19世纪末手工教育被大量引入美国公立教育系统，但由于手工教育内在逻辑的局限性及其内容上与工业化现实的脱离，导致手工教育逐渐向职业教育转型，这一历史过程对我国职业教育发展具有借鉴意义。

Based on the theory and practice of hand-work education in European and American, the inherent needs of society transformation and education development in American, hand-work education has been introduced into American public education system in late of 19th century. However, there exist the limitation of inherent logic of hand-work education and the detachment between the content of hand-work education and the reality of industrialization, hand-work education gradually transfer to vocational education. This historic process gives China some enlightenment on development of vocational education.